Statutes of Repose Do Not Shorten Bankruptcy Trustee’s Period to Pursue Legal Malpractice

Stanley v. Trinchard, 579 F.3d 515, 51 Bankr. Ct. Dec. 278 (5th Cir. 2009)

Brief Summary​
Bankruptcy trustees who wish to pursue causes of action on behalf of debtors’ estates are not governed by a state’s shorter statute of repose, but rather by the federal bankruptcy law’s two-year period.

Complete Summary​
Bankruptcy trustee Stanley (“Trustee”) brought a legal malpractice claim on behalf of a bankruptcy debtor’s estate against law firm Trinchard & Trinchard LLC 13 months after the debtor knew or should have known of his legal injury. The district court granted Trinchard & Trinchard’s summary judgment because the Trustee’s claim was barred by Louisiana’s one-year peremptive period, which is the civil law equivalent of a statute of repose in a common law jurisdiction.  

Bankruptcy Code § 108(a) allows a trustee to commence an action on behalf of a debtor’s estate within the period allowed by state law for such an action, or within two years after the order for relief, whichever is later. Louisiana law allows a party to bring an action for legal malpractice under two statutes, a statute of limitations and a period of peremption. The former is a period in which an action may be commenced, while the latter represents the lifespan of a substantive right. On the Trustee’s appeal, the question before the Court was whether Louisiana’s one-year peremptive statute was exempt from Bankruptcy Code § 108 because of its status as a statute of repose.   

Trustee argued that the time period established under Bankruptcy Code § 108(a) preempted all time period limitations under state law, not just statutes of limitation. Trinchard & Trinchard, however, argued that Bankruptcy Code § 108(a) was limited to statutes of limitations; otherwise, the Bankruptcy Code would impermissibly resurrect substantive rights otherwise extinguished by state law. 

The Fifth Circuit agreed with Trustee and reversed. The Court noted the purpose of the Code is to afford trustees extra time to assess and pursue the estate’s assets. Furthermore, Congress drew no distinction between the state periods of limitation and repose governing time limits for filing suit. Thus, the Fifth Circuit held that Bankruptcy Code § 108(a) extends Louisiana’s legal malpractice peremption period.   

Significance of Opinion​
This opinion addresses a matter of first impression on appeal, and lawyers and insurers in matters with statutes of repose that would expire during the two-year bankruptcy limitations period should take note of the holding. Although statutes of repose, such as Louisiana’s peremptory period, are generally not subject to extension, this opinion creates a substantial exception to that rule. 

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